Construcción de espacios grupales terapéuticos en el ámbito de la internación: relato de experiencia en una unidad de mediana estancia de la ciudad autónoma de Buenos Aires / Construction of therapeutic group spaces in the field of hospitalization: experience report in a medium-stay unit of the city autonomous of Buenos Aires

Este relato de experiencia describe el desarrollo de un dispositivo grupal de socialización en el abordaje de pacientes complejos en rehabilitación a partir del año 2016 en una Unidad de Mediana Estancia (UME) del Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires. Se partió de reconocer la posibilidad de trabajar en el marco de la psicología social de Pichon-Rivière adaptando la técnica del grupo operativo para ámbitos hospitalarios que generan alto nivel de estrés, desfuncionalización y disrupción de la vida cotidiana. En este relato describimos la conformación, en esta UME, de grupos operativos terapéuticos de pacientes con deterioro físico, cognitivo o en cuidados paliativos. La metodología para el análisis de esta experiencia se basó en el registro prospectivo narrativo de cada encuentro grupal. Presentamos una reflexión teórica sobre las adaptaciones al encuadre y a la planificación de cada actividad grupal, para lograr continuidad y pertenencia grupal, en los grupos operativos desarrollados en este tipo de contexto hospitalario. (AU)

This experience report describes the development of a socialization group device in the approach of complex patients in rehabilitation from 2016 on a Medium-Stay Unit (MSU) of the Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires. It started by recognizing the possibility of working within the social psychology framework of Pichon-Rivière by adapting the technique of the operative group for hospital environments with high level of stress, defunctionalization and disruption of daily life. In this report we describe the conformation in this MSU of therapeutic operative groups of patients with physical, cognitive or palliative care impairment. The methodology for the analysis was based on the prospective narrative record of each group meeting. We present a theoretical reflection on the adaptations to the framing and the planning of each group activity. This allowed us to achieve continuity and group belonging in the operative groups developed in this hospital context. (AU)

Interacciones docente-estudiantes y maltrato infantil: análisis microgenético desde la perspectiva sociocultural 2 / Teacher-Student Interactions and Child Abuse: Microgenetic Analysis from a Sociocultural Perspective

Resumen Esta investigación tiene como objetivo caracterizar las significaciones sobre el maltrato infantil, que emergen en el contexto de un salón de clases de primero de primaria, en un colegio público de la ciudad de Bogotá. Este estudio se sustenta en la perspectiva sociocultural. Desde un enfoque idiográfico y por medio de análisis microgenéticos, se profundizó en el estudio de caso de Martina, quien, a partir de su práctica pedagógica, proporcionó elementos para caracterizar las significaciones que ha construido sobre el maltrato infantil y la manera en cómo estas son comunicadas a los niños. Metodológicamente, se solicitó a la profesora preparar un taller para sus estudiantes orientado hacia la prevención del maltrato infantil. También, se llevó a cabo una entrevista con la docente para complementar los análisis. Los resultados indican que las significaciones del maltrato infantil, que emergen en la práctica educativa de la educadora, están permeadas por un sistema cultural más amplio, a saber, la religión católica, y que a través de lo religioso se comunica con sus estudiantes para alinear sus objetivos a los de ellos. Futuras investigaciones podrían centrarse en el estudio de la práctica docente, de manera detallada, y considerar la cultura como elemento fundamental de la organización escolar.

Abstract This research aims to characterize connotations regarding child abuse from teacher-student interactions and relationships that occur inside a first grade classroom, located in a public school in the city of Bogotá. Theoretically, we support our work on the sociocultural perspective. We used the idiographic approach to characterize the case study of Martina, a first-grade teacher, through microgenetic analysis; who from her pedagogical practice and the design of a workshop aimed at preventing abuse provided us with elements to characterize the significations she has built on child abuse. The analysis of the results shows that the meanings and beliefs that emerge in her pedagogical practice are influenced by a cultural system, especially her religious beliefs, which are rooted in the Catholic religion. Finally, we find that it is necessary for future investigations and research to focus on pedagogical practices, taking into consideration culture as an important element in the school context.

Local versus global perceptual scope, empathic concern, and helping preferences in multiple-victim situations

Previous research on the one-among-others effect has shown that inducing empathic concern towards a victim presented alongside with a small number of other victims enhances (a) the perception of this set of victims as separate and different individuals (instead of as a group), and (b) the preference to help them individually (rather than collectively). We propose that inducing a local (vs. global) perceptual scope increases (vs. lessens) these two outcomes. In this work, participants first reported their perception of an ad that showed a victim depicted as one-among-others and, afterwards, were unexpectedly asked to indicate their preference for giving the victims either «individualized», «collective», or «equal» assistance. In Experiment 1 (N = 48), we manipulated the participants’ local (vs. global) perceptual scope and allowed empathy concern to occur naturally. In Experiment 2 (N = 213), we manipulated both the perceptual scope and empathy concern. Overall, results showed that the combined presence of local scope and empathic concern increased the awareness of others (ηp 2 = .203 and .047, 95% CI = [0.05, 0.35] and [0.03, 0.13], ps < .03) and the preference for individualized assistance (zs = 2.08 and 2.74, ps < .02). Lastly, we discuss the theoretical and practical implications of perceiving a set of victims as individuals (rather than as a group) in need (AU)

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Assessment of positive parenting programmes in the Autonomous Region of the Basque Country (Spain) / Evaluación de programas de parentalidad positiva en la comunidad autónoma del País Vasco (España)

This paper presents the results of a study aimed at identifying and assessing positive parenting programmes and activities carried out in the Autonomous Region of the Basque Country (ARBC), Spain. The study is a development of the III Inter-institutional Family Support Plan (2011), drafted by the Basque Government's Department of Family Policy and Community Development, and its aim is to offer a series of sound criteria for improving existing programmes and ensuring the correct design and implementation of new ones in the future. It analyses 129 programmes and gathers data relative to institutional management and coordination, format, quality of the established aims, adaptation to the theoretical proposal for an Optimal Positive Parenting Curriculum, scientific base, use of the framework of reference for competences, working method, assessment techniques, budgets and publicity, among others. The results highlight the good quality of the programmes' aims and content, and the poor systematic assessment of these same aspects. The study concludes with a series of recommendations for improving the initiatives, integrated into a proposal for a system of indicators to assess and implement positive parenting programmes

En este trabajo se presentan los datos de un estudio de identificación y valoración de programas y actividades de parentalidad positiva llevados a cabo en el ámbito de la comunidad autónoma del País Vasco (CAPV). El estudio constituye un desarrollo del III Plan Interinstitucional de Apoyo a la Familia (2011), elaborado por la Dirección de Política Familiar y Desarrollo Comunitario del Gobierno Vasco, y su objetivo es ofrecer criterios sólidos para mejorar los programas existentes y para lograr un correcto diseño e implementación de nuevos programas en el futuro. En el estudio se analizan 129 programas y se obtienen datos relativos a la gestión y coordinación institucional, formato, calidad de los objetivos, ajuste a la propuesta teórica del currículo óptimo de parentalidad positiva, fundamentos científicos, utilización del marco de referencia de las competencias, metodología de trabajo, prácticas de evaluación, presupuestos, publicidad, etc. Entre los resultados destacan la buena calidad de los objetivos y contenidos de los programas y la baja práctica de evaluación sistemática de los mismos. El trabajo concluye con una serie de recomendaciones para mejorar los programas, integradas en la propuesta de un sistema de indicadores para la evaluación e implementación de programas de parentalidad positiva

Evaluación de las habilidades sociales: estructura factorial y otras propiedades psicométricas de cuatro medidas de autoinforme / Assessing social skills: the factorarial structure and other psychometric properties of four self-report measures

La evaluación de las habilidades sociales por medio de medidas de autoinforme sigue realizándose con instrumentos desarrollados en los años 70, como el "inventario de asertividad de Rathus" (RAS), el "Inventario de aserción" (AI) o la "Escala de autoexpresión universitaria" (CSES). Este estudio llevado a cabo con 421 estudiantes universitarios (76,5% mujeres) halló las estructuras factoriales de dichos instrumentos así como el nuevo "Cuestionario de habilidades sociales" (CHASO-I). Las soluciones factoriales obtenidas fueron de 6, 8, 11 y 12 factores respectivamente. La fiabilidad (dos mitades de Guttman y alfa de Cronbach) de todos los cuestionarios fue alta y las correlaciones entre el CHASO-I y el resto de los cuestionarios fueron moderadas. Se encontraron diferencias de sexo en la puntuación total del RAS y en los factores de «Hablar o actuar en público/ interaccionar con superiores», "Interaccionar con personas que me atraen" e "Interaccionar con desconocidos", con los hombre más habilidosos que las mujeres, y en el factor "Pedir disculpas/Reconocer errores propios" con las mujeres más habilidosas que los hombres. El estudio concluye señalando algunos problemas comunes a las medidas de autoinforme de las habilidades sociales así como algunas virtudes del nuevo CHASO-I

The self-reporting of social skills continues to be assessed through the assertiveness inventories developed in the 1970s, such as the Rathus Assertiveness Schedule (RAS), the Assertion Inventory (AI), and the College Self Expression Scale (CSES). The study report here involved 421 university students (7, 5% women) and obtained the factor structures for the aforementioned instruments, plus the new Social Skills Questionnaires (SSQ-I) (Cuestionario de habilidades sociales, CHASO-I). The factorial solutions obtained were 6,8, 11 and 12 factors, respectively. The reliability (Guttman split-half and Cronbach’s alpha) of all the questionnaires was high, and the correlations between the CHASO-I and all the other questionnaires were moderate. The sex differences found involved the total scores Of the RAS and the factors "Speakings or performing in public/Interacting with figures in authority", "Interacting with persons I am attracted to", and "Interacting with strangers", with men being more skilled than women, and the factor "apologizing/recognizing their own mistakes", with women being more skilled than men. The study concluded by recognizing certain common problems affecting the self-report measures of social skills, as well as certain advantages of the new CHASO-I

Social skills training for people with schizophrenia: what do we train? / Entrenamiento en habilidades sociales para personas con esquizofrenia: ¿Qué entrenamos?

This paper gives a broad definition of the characteristics and incidence for schizophrenia, and introduces the various deficits in social skills and social function faced by patients with this disorder. The role of Social Skills Training (SST), which can be used to improve some of these deficiencies in social skills, social function, cognition and competence, including the history and efficacy of such training, is addressed. An outline is given of the Brief Cognitive-Behavioural SST for schizophrenia patients, designed by our clinical research group (University of Barcelona and General Hospital of Igualada, Spain), along with the parameters of the study, risk factors for certain patients and results. We then indicate future directions focusing on the sue of virtual reality as a modern technology to enhance treatment and highlighting potential areas for further study

Este artículo proporciona una definición amplia sobre las características y la incidencia de la esquizofrenia y presenta los distintos déficit en habilidades sociales y en funcionamiento social que sufren los pacientes con este trastorno. Se aborda el papel del entrenamiento en habilidades sociales (EHS), que puede utilizarse para mejorar algunas de estas deficiencias en habilidades sociales, en el funcionamiento social, en las cogniciones y en la competencia, incluyendo la historia y la eficacia de dicho entrenamiento. Se expone un esquema del "EHS cognitivo conductual breve" para pacientes con esquizofrenia desarrollado por nuestro grupo clínico de investigación (Universidad de Barcelona y Hospital General de Igualada, España), junto con los parámetros del estudio, los factores de riesgo para ciertos pacientes y los resultados. Finalmente, presentamos las perspectivas futuras, centrándonos en el uso de la realidad virtual como una tecnología moderna para mejorar el tratamiento y resaltar áreas potenciales para estudios futuros

Psychometric properties of the looming maladaptative style questionnaire (LMSQ-R) in young Spanish adults / Propiedades psicométricas del Cuestionario de Estilo Disfuncional de Looming (LMSQ-R) en jóvenes españoles

BACKGROUND: The looming cognitive style (LCS) is a specific putative cognitive vulnerability to anxiety but not to depression. LCS is assessed by the Looming Maladaptive Style Questionnaire (LMSQ-R), which assesses a tendency to generate, maintain, and attend to internally generated scenarios of threats as rapidly increasing and headed in one's direction. This study investigated the structure, measurement invariance across subsamples, concurrent validity, consistency, and stability of a Spanish translation of the LMSQ-R. METHOD: LMSQ-R was examined in a large sample of Spanish students (n = 1,128, 56.47% women). A subsample of 675 was followed-up six months later. The participants also completed measures of social anxiety, generalized anxiety, and depression. RESULTS: The results provide evidence from factor analyses confirming two second-order factors (social and physical threat). Multiple-group analysis indicated the measurement invariance of the model for men and women and for groups that displayed clinically significant generalized social anxiety and those that did not. Women scored higher on the LMSQ-R. Partial correlation analyses indicated that LMSQ-R scales were independently associated with symptoms of generalized and social anxiety but they were not independently associated with depression. CONCLUSIONS: The Spanish version of the LMSQ-R has shown good psychometric properties

ANTECEDENTES: el Estilo Cognitivo de Looming (ECL) es una vulnerabilidad cognitiva específica a la ansiedad pero no a la depresión. El ECL se evalúa con el Looming Maladaptive Style Questionnaire (LMSQ-R), que mide la tendencia interna a generar, mantener y atender escenarios en los que la amenaza aumenta dirigiéndose hacia la persona. Evaluamos la estructura, invarianza de medida entre submuestras, consistencia, estabilidad y validez concurrente de la adaptación al español del LMSQ-R. MÉTODO: el LMSQ-R se examinó en una muestra de estudiantes españoles (n = 1.128, 56,47% mujeres), evaluando a una submuestra de 675 seis meses después. Los participantes completaron medidas de ansiedad social, ansiedad generalizada y depresión. RESULTADOS: los resultados obtenidos confirman una estructura de dos factores de segundo orden (amenaza social y física). Los análisis multigrupo indicaron la invarianza de medida a través de género y en un grupo con puntuaciones clínicas en ansiedad social y sin ellas. Las mujeres puntuaron más alto en el LMSQ-R. Las correlaciones indicaron la asociación de las escalas del LMSQ-R con los síntomas de ansiedad social y generalizada pero no se asociaban independientemente con la depresión. CONCLUSIONES: la versión española del LMSQ-R ha demostrado buenos índices de fiabilidad y validez

Qualitative questionnaire for the identification of cognems (Qualiquic): an exploratory technique to identify social representation contents and relations / Questionário qualitativo para a identificação de cognemas (Qualiquic): uma técnica exploratória para identificar conteúdos e relações de representações sociais

While the investigation of social representation contents through the analysis of word associations is convenient, it does not directly inform about the nature of relationships that representation elements maintain with the social object. This paper presents a qualitative technique, Qualiquic, that is easy and simple to administer. Qualiquic has the advantage of gathering representation contents characterized by their relationships with the representation object, based on a simplified list of descriptive, practical, and evaluative connectors of the basic cognitive schemes model. The underlying theoretical principles are explained, and empirical guidelines are provided, as well as an empirical example of use.(AU)

Embora a investigação de conteúdos de representações sociais por meio de associações de palavras seja conveniente, ela não informa diretamente sobre a natureza das relações que os elementos representacionais mantêm com o objeto social. Este artigo apresenta uma técnica qualitativa - Qualiquic - que é fácil e simples de aplicar, e tem por vantagem reunir conteúdos representacionais caracterizados por suas relações com o objeto de representação, baseando-se numa lista simplificada de conectores descritivos, práticos e avaliativos do modelo dos esquemas cognitivos de base. Os princípios teóricos subjacentes são explicados e diretrizes empíricas são fornecidas, bem como um exemplo de aplicação.(AU)

Comparing intergroup contact effects on blatant and subtle prejudice in adolescents: a multivariate multilevel model / Comparando el efecto del contacto intergrupal en el prejuicio manifiesto y sutil en adolescentes: un modelo multinivel multivariado

BACKGROUND: The literature has rarely paid attention to the differential influence of intergroup contact on subtle and blatant prejudice. In this study, we hypothesized that the influence of intergroup contact on subtle prejudice will be smaller than its influence on blatant prejudice. METHOD: This hypothesis was tested with data from a cross-sectional design on 1,655 school-aged native Spanish adolescents. Prejudice was measured with a shortened version of the Meertens and Pettigrew scale of blatant and subtle prejudice adapted to Spanish adolescent population. RESULTS: Results from multivariate multilevel analyses for correlated outcome variables supported the hypothesis. Students tended to score higher on the subtle prejudice scale; contact with the outgroup was statistically related both to levels of blatant and subtle prejudice; and, the negative relationship of contact with the outgroup and prejudice is greater for blatant prejudice as compared to subtle prejudice. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, results provide statistical evidence supporting the greater resistance to change of subtle forms of prejudice

ANTECEDENTES: la literatura rara vez ha prestado atención a la diferente influencia que el contacto con el exogrupo ejerce en el prejuicio manifiesto y sutil. En este estudio hipotetizamos que el contacto con el exogrupo influye de forma más acusada en las formas manifiestas del prejuicio, por lo que el prejuicio sutil es más resistente al cambio. MÉTODO: se contrastaron estas tres hipótesis con un diseño correlacional en una muestra de 1.655 adolescentes españoles escolarizados. El prejuicio manifiesto y sutil se evaluó con una versión breve adaptada a la población adolescente española de la escala de prejuicio sutil y manifiesto de Meertens y Pettigrew. RESULTADOS: los resultados de los análisis multivariados multinivel para variables dependientes correlacionadas confirmaron las hipótesis. Los estudiantes tendieron a puntuar más en prejuicio sutil que en manifiesto; la relación estadística entre el contacto con el exogrupo y el prejuicio es negativa (a mayor contacto, menor prejuicio); y esta relación negativa es más acusada en el caso del prejuicio manifiesto. CONCLUSIONES: los resultados proporcionan evidencia estadística que apoya la mayor resistencia al cambio del prejuicio sutil en comparación con el prejuicio manifiesto

Followers agreeableness and extraversion and their loyalty towards authentic leadership / La afabilidad y extroversión de los seguidores y su lealtad hacia el liderazgo auténtico

BACKGROUND: Effective leaders understand that loyal followers are the key for success. To win their loyalty, leaders usually build social exchange relationships with them, through a wide range of behaviours, such as honouring agreements or using open and transparent communication. However, the effect of these behaviours on their followers' loyalty can differ depending on followers' individual differences, especially in relational traits such as agreeableness and extraversion. METHOD: We explored the moderating role of followers' agreeableness and extraversion in the relationship between authentic leadership (using transactional leadership as reference group) and followers' loyalty. A two-wave experiment, where 224 participants with and without work experience were randomly assigned to either a transactional or authentic leadership style condition was conducted. RESULTS: Our results show that followers in the authentic leadership condition had higher levels of loyalty toward their leader. Moreover, followers' agreeableness played a negative moderating role in this relationship whereas extraversion played a positive moderating role in it. CONCLUSIONS:Our results indicate that followers' characteristics influence the effect of situational factors on their attitudes, such as loyalty, providing support for the need of a more integrative approach to leadership, where followers need to be considered as active elements of this process influence

ANTECEDENTES: los líderes efectivos entienden que la lealtad de sus seguidores es clave para el éxito. Para conseguirla, establecen intercambios sociales, a través de conductas tales como recompensar con justicia o utilizar una comunicación transparente. Sin embargo, el efecto de estas conductas sobre la lealtad de sus seguidores puede variar en función de las diferencias individuales de esos seguidores, en especial en aquellos aspectos que in fluyen en la forma en que se relacionan las personas, como por ejemplo su extroversión o afabilidad. MÉTODO: se realizó un experimento de diseño longitudinal donde 224 participantes, con o sin experiencia laboral, fueron asignados al azar a un líder con estilo auténtico o estilo transaccional. RESULTADOS: nuestros resultados muestran que los seguidores bajo un líder auténtico reportan mayores niveles de lealtad que aquellos bajo un líder transaccional. La afabilidad y la extroversión de los seguidores modulan la relación entre el estilo de liderazgo y la lealtad hacia el líder. CONCLUSIÓN: las características de los seguidores modulan el efecto del estilo de liderazgo sobre las actitudes de los seguidores, apoyando la necesidad de un enfoque más integrador del estudio del liderazgo, donde los seguidores han de ser considerados como elementos activos de este proceso

Controlling social desirability may attenuate faking effects: a study with aggression measures / Controlar la deseabilidad social puede atenuar los efectos del falseamiento: un estudio con medidas de agresividad

Background: Several studies have been conducted to better understand what happens with personality scores when faking occurs, but very few use socially undesirable trait measures such as aggression. The aim of the present research is twofold: (a) we aim to apply a General Factorial-Analytic procedure to aggression scales and determine whether it can correct for faking effects; (b) we aim to test the impact that individual differences can have on change scores due to faking. Method: Participants were 371 undergraduate students. Of these, 215 answered the questionnaires twice, under neutral conditions and under faking-motivating conditions. 156 were the control group who answered the questionnaires twice, both times under neutral conditions. Results: The mean comparison tests as well as the repeated measures ANOVA showed significant results. Individual differences played an important role in all the scales except in physical aggression. Conclusions: The results showed that the procedure does correct for faking effects and that individual differences have an important impact on the change scores due to faking, except in the most undesirable Physical aggression measure, which was hardly affected (AU)

Antecedentes: varios estudios han intentado entender qué sucede con las puntuaciones de las medidas de personalidad cuando se produce falseamiento, pero pocos han utilizado medidas socialmente indeseables como la agresividad. El presente estudio tiene dos objetivos principales: (a) se quiere aplicar el método Analítico Factorial General a las escalas de agresividad para determinar si el método puede corregir los efectos del falseamiento; (b) se quiere comprobar el impacto de las diferencias individuales en las puntuaciones de cambio debido a falseamiento. Método: 371 estudiantes universitarios participaron en el estudio. De ellos, 215 respondieron el cuestionario dos veces, bajo condiciones neutras y bajo condición de falseamiento. 156 participantes formaron el grupo control, contestando dos veces el cuestionario bajo condiciones neutras. Resultados: tanto las pruebas de comparación de medias como el ANOVA de medidas repetidas obtuvieron resultados significativos. Las diferencias individuales tuvieron un papel importante en todas las escalas excepto en la de agresividad física. Conclusiones: los resultados muestran que el método corrige los efectos del falseamiento y que las diferencias individuales tienen un papel importante en las puntuaciones de cambio debido a falseamiento, con la excepción de la medida de agresividad más indeseable, la agresividad física, que casi no se ve afectada (AU)

A measure of group dissimilarity for psychological attributes

El funcionamiento y el rendimiento de los grupos en contextos diferentes están relacionados con el grado en que las características de los miembros son complementarias o suplementarias. El presente artículo describe un procedimiento para cuantificar el grado de disimilitud a nivel de grupo. A diferencia de la mayoría de técnicas existentes, el procedimiento que aquí se describe está normalizado y es invariante a los cambios de localización y escala. Por lo tanto, es posible comparar la disimilitud en escalas con diferente métrica y en grupos de distinto tamaño. La disimilitud está medida en términos relativos, independientemente de la posición que ocupan los individuos en la dimensión que mide la escala. Cuando no existe una justificación teórica para combinar las diversas propiedades medidas, se puede cuantificar la disimilitud para cada escala por separado. También es posible obtener las contribuciones diádicas e individuales respecto a la diversidad global y la asignada a cada escala. Las medidas descriptivas pueden ser complementadas con la significación estadística para, así, comparar los resultados obtenidos con distribuciones discretas de referencia, ya sean simétricas o asimétricas. Se ha elaborado un paquete en R que permite obtener los índices descriptivos y los valores p, además de contener las expresiones desarrolladas para simular una amplia variedad de distribuciones discretas de probabilidad(AU)

Group functioning and performance in different contexts is related to the extent to which group members are complementary or supplementary in terms of psychological attributes. This paper describes a procedure for quantifying the degree of dissimilarity at group level. Unlike most existing techniques the one described here is normalized and is both location and scale invariant, thereby making it suitable for comparing dissimilarity on interval and ratio scales with different ranges and in groups of different sizes. Dissimilarity is measured in relative terms regardless of the exact place on the scale at which individuals are located. When a combination of several scales is not theoretically justified, the dissimilarity for each scale can be quantified. Additionally, dyadic and individual contributions to either the global or scale index can be obtained. The descriptive measures are complemented by statistical significance values in order to compare the results obtained with several discrete distributions of reference, both symmetrical and skewed, which can be specified using the expressions developed. The information that can be provided by the indices and the p values - both obtainable through an R package - is illustrated using data from an empirical study (AU)

Positive and negative affect schedule: psychometric properties for the Brazilian Portuguese version

This study is about the validity and item analysis for the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), respectively through the Exploratory Factor Analysis (principal components method) and the Partial Credit Model (PCM). The scale has been largely used in areas ranging from clinical to social psychology since its release in 1988 by Watson, Clark, and Tellegen. In order to assess validity and item properties (Item Response Theory paradigm), this is study administered PANAS to 354 respondents, 115 male and 239 female subjects, with an average age of 29.5 (SD = 10,18). The results show PANAS’s excellent psychometric properties, with consistent dimensions and reliable item functioning, considering the Rasch measurement paradigm expressed in the PCM as an Item Response Theory model for polytomous data. The study considers important cultural issues and the results support more cautious translations for scales as well as further studies concerned with cross-cultural differences on the perception of affect states (AU)

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Effects of task and category membership on representation stability

This study examined the within-subject stability of 150 participants who performed both a sorting task and a property-generation task over multiple sessions, focusing on three concrete concept categories (food, animals and bathroom products). We hypothesized that (1) the within-subject stability would be higher in the sorting task than in the property-generation task and (2) the nature of the category would influence both the within-subject stability of the classification groups in the sorting task and the properties generated to define these groups. The results show that the within-subject stability of conceptual representations depends both on the task and on the nature of the category. The stability of the representations was greater in the sorting task than in the property-generation task and in the food category. These results are discussed from a longitudinal perspective(AU)

Psychosocial assessment of young people - refining and evaluating a youth friendly assessment interview.

BACKGROUND: Given the high prevalence of mental health and/or substance use problems in young people, an assessment interview that assists clinicians to engage with young people and assess their psychosocial needs is essential. Currently, there are few assessment tools for this purpose. OBJECTIVE: To describe the rationale and process of extending a psychosocial assessment interview to assist clinicians in assessing the full range of mental health disorders common in young people. DISCUSSION: The 'headspace' assessment interview is designed to assist engagement while assessing psychosocial and mental health problems. It can be used by a range of clinicians in primary care settings for the purposes of developing treatment or referral options. To date, as part of a national clinical service platform, the interview has been used with over 2000 young people. A preliminary process evaluation indicated that the interview is perceived to have utility and acceptability among the clinicians who are using it in their practice to assess young people's mental health problems and psychosocial functioning.

Aspectos psicológicos del niño con fisuras labiopalatinas. Evaluación de 92 casos / Psychological aspects in children with cleft lip. Evaluation of 92 cases

Se realizó un estudio descriptivo en niños portadores de fisuras del labio y/o del paladar, que recibieron atención multidisciplinaria en el Hospital Pediátrico «Hermanos Cordové» de Manzanillo, Cuba, entre los años 1986 y 2006. Se escogieron al azar 100 pacientes, con mayores o igual a 10 años de edad y que habían completado la mayor parte del protocolo de tratamiento según la concepción multidisciplinaria del mismo. Noventa y dos de estos infantes fueron sometidos a examen en el departamento de psicología infantil para realizar su caracterización en esta etapa del seguimiento. Si bien pudo constatarse que a esa altura de su evolución el ajuste psicoemocional y social de los infantes había mejorado, aún prevalecían las relaciones alteradas en su interacción con la familia y los compañeros de grupo, una baja autoestima y una dependencia exagerada de los adultos, entre otras características. El trabajo aborda un comentario sobre tan importante aspecto de la atención integral de estos pacientes, según el criterio de varios estudiosos del tema (AU)

A descriptive study on children affected by cleft lip and/ or cleft palate that were attended at the Hermanos Cordové Pediatric Teaching Hospital in Manzanillo, Cuba, between 1986 and 2006, was made. One hundred patients, elder than ten years of age, who had completed most of the treatment, were chosen randomly. Ninety two of those infants were examined at the Infantile Psychology Department in order to evaluate their psycho emotional status. In spite that the infants’ psychological and social adjustment had improved, their relations with parents and group mates were perturbed. Low level of self-esteem and exaggerated dependence of adults, among others, were observed. The study deals with a comment about an important aspect in the integral attention of these patients, according to the criterion of some authors about the matter (AU)

Seguimiento de los efectos de una intervención psicosocial sobre la adaptación académica, emocional y social de niños con TDAH / Psychosocial intervention follow-up in children with ADHD: Effects on academic, emotional and social functioning

El objetivo de esta investigación ha sido analizar el mantenimiento de los efectos, tras un año de su finalización, de una intervención que integró 3 programas coordinados implementados con 27 niños con TDAH de 7 a 10 años, sus padres y sus profesores. La intervención tuvo una duración de 10 semanas e incluyó modificación de conducta, técnicas cognitivo-conductuales, adaptaciones académicas y habilidades sociales. Se valoraron los efectos sobre la adaptación académica, emocional y social a partir de informaciones aportadas por los padres, profesores y compañeros. Los resultados confirman el mantenimiento en la evaluación de seguimiento de las mejoras experimentadas tras el tratamiento, especialmente en las áreas académica y social, en las que estos niños presentaban las mayores dificultades (AU)

The aim of this investigation was to analyze the maintenance of the effects, one year after its conclusion, of an intervention that integrated three coordinated programs, implemented with 27 children with ADHD, aged between 7 and 10 years, their parents and teachers. The intervention lasted 10 weeks and included behavior-modification and cognitive-behavioral techniques, academic adaptations and social skills. We evaluated the effects on academic, emotional and social adjustment from the information provided by parents, teachers and classmates. The results confirm the maintenance in the follow-up evaluation of the improvements experienced after the treatment, especially in the academic and social areas, in which these children displayed the greatest difficulties (AU)

Adaptação do questionário sobre significados do trabalho - QST - para o Brasil / Adaptation of the questionnaire on means of work in Brazil

Este artigo discorre sobre o processo de adaptação do Questionário sobre Significados do Trabalho - QST - no Brasil. Este instrumento se constitui de dois inventários e quatro escalas com fatores relacionados a significados, percepções, atribuições, valores e atitudes com relação ao ato de trabalhar. Os procedimentos metodológicos para a validação deste instrumento consistiram nas etapas de revisão e sistematização das bases teórico-empíricas sobre as quais se constrói a versão original do QST, a administração do instrumento piloto e o pré-teste da versão adaptada em um total de 680 pessoas. Participaram deste processo adultos jovens, dos sexos masculino e feminino, de categorias de trabalho heterogêneas e diferentes níveis de formação acadêmica e de renda. Os dados psicométricos do instrumento apresentam alta consistência interna para o total dos itens dos inventários e escalas, e evidenciam que a versão em português do QST mostra-se adequada à administração no contexto brasileiro.(AU)

This article presents the process of adaptation of the Questionnaire on Means of Work - QMOW in Brazil. This instrument is integrated by two inventories and four scales about significance, perceptions, assignments, values and attitudes concerning the act of working. The methodological procedure to validated the instrument is constituted by following stages: systematization of theoretical and empirical basis on which is built the QMOW original version, the pilot instrument administration and the pre-test by the adapted version, including 680 people, with predominantly young adults, of the masculine and feminine sexes, from different work backgrounds and different degrees of schooling and income levels. The psychometrics data obtained from the instrument has shown a high internal consistency to the total of items of the inventories and scales and it has evidenced that QMOW Portuguese version is appropriate for administration in a Brazilian context.(AU)

Adaptação do questionário sobre significados do trabalho - QST - para o Brasil / Adaptation of the questionnaire on means of work in Brazil

Este artigo discorre sobre o processo de adaptação do Questionário sobre Significados do Trabalho - QST - no Brasil. Este instrumento se constitui de dois inventários e quatro escalas com fatores relacionados a significados, percepções, atribuições, valores e atitudes com relação ao ato de trabalhar. Os procedimentos metodológicos para a validação deste instrumento consistiram nas etapas de revisão e sistematização das bases teórico-empíricas sobre as quais se constrói a versão original do QST, a administração do instrumento piloto e o pré-teste da versão adaptada em um total de 680 pessoas. Participaram deste processo adultos jovens, dos sexos masculino e feminino, de categorias de trabalho heterogêneas e diferentes níveis de formação acadêmica e de renda. Os dados psicométricos do instrumento apresentam alta consistência interna para o total dos itens dos inventários e escalas, e evidenciam que a versão em português do QST mostra-se adequada à administração no contexto brasileiro.

This article presents the process of adaptation of the Questionnaire on Means of Work - QMOW in Brazil. This instrument is integrated by two inventories and four scales about significance, perceptions, assignments, values and attitudes concerning the act of working. The methodological procedure to validated the instrument is constituted by following stages: systematization of theoretical and empirical basis on which is built the QMOW original version, the pilot instrument administration and the pre-test by the adapted version, including 680 people, with predominantly young adults, of the masculine and feminine sexes, from different work backgrounds and different degrees of schooling and income levels. The psychometrics data obtained from the instrument has shown a high internal consistency to the total of items of the inventories and scales and it has evidenced that QMOW Portuguese version is appropriate for administration in a Brazilian context.

Creacionismo / Creationism

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